qml.math.vn_entropy

vn_entropy(state, indices, base=None, check_state=False, c_dtype='complex128')[source]

Compute the Von Neumann entropy from a density matrix on a given subsystem. It supports all interfaces (NumPy, Autograd, Torch, TensorFlow and Jax).

\[S( \rho ) = -\text{Tr}( \rho \log ( \rho ))\]
Parameters
  • state (tensor_like) – Density matrix of shape (2**N, 2**N) or (batch_dim, 2**N, 2**N).

  • indices (list(int)) – List of indices in the considered subsystem.

  • base (float) – Base for the logarithm. If None, the natural logarithm is used.

  • check_state (bool) – If True, the function will check the state validity (shape and norm).

  • c_dtype (str) – Complex floating point precision type.

Returns

Von Neumann entropy of the considered subsystem.

Return type

float

Example

The entropy of a subsystem for any state vectors can be obtained. Here is an example for the maximally entangled state, where the subsystem entropy is maximal (default base for log is exponential).

>>> x = [1, 0, 0, 1] / np.sqrt(2)
>>> x = dm_from_state_vector(x)
>>> vn_entropy(x, indices=[0])
0.6931472

The logarithm base can be switched to 2 for example.

>>> vn_entropy(x, indices=[0], base=2)
1.0

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